What are the two most common types of esophageal cancer?

The two most common forms of esophageal cancer are squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. They are named for the type of cells that become cancerous.

Squamous cell carcinoma forms in the thin, flat cells lining the inside of the esophagus and is most often found in the upper and middle part of the esophagus, though it can occur anywhere along it. Adenocarcinoma begins in glandular cells, which produce fluids such as mucus, and usually forms in the lower part of the esophagus, near the stomach.

These two types tend to form in different parts of the esophagus. Your healthcare team can explain more about a specific type.