What is a stem cell transplant?

A stem cell transplant is a procedure that restores blood-forming stem cells. According to the National Cancer Institute, stem cell transplants restore blood stem cells in people who have had theirs destroyed by the high doses of chemotherapy or radiation therapy used to treat certain cancers, blood disorders, and autoimmune disorders. They may also be called bone marrow transplants or peripheral blood stem cell transplants.

Blood-forming stem cells are vital because they grow into different types of blood cells: white blood cells, which help fight infection; red blood cells, which carry oxygen; and platelets, which help the blood clot.

Stem cell transplants usually do not work against cancer directly. Instead, they restore your body's ability to produce new blood cells after very high-dose treatment used to destroy cancer cells. Your healthcare team can explain whether a transplant is an option for you and which type.